Logo of CSIRO Investigate and Innovate with CSIRO Robot Responders Caves and lava tubes Year level: Years 5-6, 7-8 Duration: National Science Week Core concepts: Robotics components and systems, engineering design process. Teacher guide Photograph of a yellow four-legged robotic dog standing on grass in an outdoor area. Acknowledgement of Country CSIRO acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands, seas and waters of the area that we live and work on across Australia. We acknowledge all Aboriginal and Torress Strait Islander peoples and their continuing connection to their culture and pay our respects to Elders past and present. CSIRO is committed to reconciliation and recognises that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have made contributions to all aspects of Australian life including culture, economy and science. Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................1 Getting started ................................................................................................................................2 What is the LIA Framework? ............................................................................................................2 How to use this Robot Responders resources: ................................................................................3 Classroom PowerPoint (PPT) presentation guide – plugged and unplugged ..................................6 Take it further ..............................................................................................................................12 Optional: EXAMPLE – Caves and lava tubes – Lesson overview ....................................................13 Getting started 1. Choose your delivery pathway (more information on page 7): • Plugged: PowerPoint presentation, student workbook and Robot Responders HTML game. • Unplugged: PowerPoint presentation, student workbook, mission cards, physical prototyping activity and/or Robot Responders card game. 2. Introduce robotics concepts using the Classroom PowerPoint (PPT): Optional CSIRO articles, videos and data resources (listed on page 5) can be used to provide additional real-world context and examples of robotics in action. Discussion starters and further information is found in the presenter notes of the Classroom PowerPoint presentation. 3. Guide students through the CSIRO Engineering Design Process: Using the Student Workbook. Students investigate the mission, identify challenges, explore robot components and develop design ideas. 4. Test and modify your design using your selected pathway: • In the plugged pathway, students design, test and refine robots using the HTML game. • In the unplugged pathway, students use Mission Cards to design solutions and may create a physical robot prototype using available materials. • The Robot Responders Card Game can be used as an additional or alternative design activity. 5. Reflect and share learning: Conclude by discussing what worked well, what challenges students encountered and how their designs could be improved. Flexible implementation: Resources can be used individually or in combination. Teachers may adapt activities, groupings and timing to suit available technology, classroom needs and learning goals. Prior knowledge and skills • No prior robotics experience is required. • The PowerPoint presentation introduces key robotics concepts and can be used to build participant understanding before commencing activities. • Activities provide opportunities to develop problem-solving, collaboration and communication skills. Key learning goals: Slide 3 in Robot Responders Classroom PowerPoint Presentation. CSIRO research: Caves and lava tubes: • CSIRO Blog: From Earth to space: Testing tech in lava tubes for future spaceexploration. • CSIRO YouTube: CSIRO's Multi-Robot Navigation Stack. • CSIRO website: CSIRO-Japan collaboration advances lunar cave robotics. • CSIRO Data Access Portal: Jenolan Caves: 3D Data Collection. Robot Responders by Smriti Daniel For further exploration of robotics concepts and real-world robot applications, educators may wish to obtain a copy of Robot Responders by Smriti Daniel, available through CSIRO Publishing. Book cover for Robot Responders: Rescue Missions to Space Adventures by Smriti Daniel. Associated documents: Investigate and Innovate with CSIRO webpage • Investigate and Innovate with CSIRO webpage • Robot Responders - Student Workbook • Robot Responders - Classroom PowerPoint Presentation (PPT) • Australian Curriculum links Icons: Throughout the investigation you will see these icons (below) to highlight the type of activity and guidance recommended. Icons indicating teacher led and/or student/class contribution: The icons depict 1. Teacher led, 2. Whole class, 3. Independent, 4. Group work, 5. Take notes. (Grouped Object) What is the LIA Framework? The Australian Academy of Science Launch, Inquire, Act (LIA) framework helps us structure scientific investigations so that students: • Launch by exploring and connecting to real-world phenomena, • Inquire by investigating and analysing questions, and • Act by applying, communicating and reflecting on our findings. It’s a way to learn science like real scientists do! Our evidence-informed approach: Launch > Inquire > Act | Science Connections Figure 1 LIA Framework from the Australian Academy of Science. PHASE 1: Purpose: An icon of a green circle with the words 1. Launch. PHASE 2: INQUIRE Purpose: design and carry out an investigation to answer your question. What you’ll do: Formulate a testable question. Plan your investigation: decide variables, controls, method. Collect data (measure, record, repeat). Graph and analyse results to spot trends or patterns. Key questions: • What variables will I change, and what will I measure? • How will I make it reproducible? • What do my results show? An icon of an aqua circle with arrows, with the words 2. Inquire. PHASE 3: ACT Purpose: use your findings to communicate, reflect, and apply to the real world. What you’ll do: Draw conclusions based on your evidence. Reflect on your method: what worked, what could you improve? Apply your understanding: how does your investigation link to real-life scientific research or technology? Share your findings through a poster, presentation, or video. Key questions: • What did I learn and why does it matter? • How could I do better next time? • How can this knowledge be used in the real world? An icon of a blue circle with the words 3. Act. How to use this Robot Responders resources: Flexible implementation: Teachers may choose to use either the plugged or unplugged pathway, or combine elements of both, depending on available technology, classroom needs and learning goals. Teacher guide Provides educators with background information, preparation requirements, lesson guidance, differentiation opportunities and suggested teaching approaches to support implementation of the Robot Responders resources. Classroom PowerPoint A teacher-led presentation that introduces key concepts, real-world robotics applications, learning activities and discussion prompts. The PowerPoint supports whole-class instruction and guides students through the learning sequence. Teachers can use this resource in the plugged and unplugged delivery of the Robot Responders resources. The unplugged PowerPoint slides (Slides 29-35) guides students through the Robot Responders design challenge using cave and lava tube mission cards. It includes budgeting tools, component cost card, prototyping prompts, everyday object substitution ideas, and teacher-only answer cards (Slides 36-37) and optional rubrics (38-41) to support assessment and discussion. CSIRO Engineering design process Students are introduced to the CSIRO engineering design process (Slide 7-8) which was created in collaboration with real CSIRO roboticists. Student workbook A companion resource that allows students to record observations, respond to questions, develop design ideas, plan investigations, document prototypes and reflect on their learning throughout the resources. Teachers can use this resource in the plugged and unplugged delivery of the Robot Responders resources. Plugged (internet needed) Unplugged (no internet required) Robot Responders HTML game – https://www.csiro.au/en/education/Resource-Library/Resource-Library/Robot-Responders-HTML-game The Robot Responders HTML game is an interactive digital resource that allows students to design robots for authentic CSIRO-inspired missions in space, marine and cave/lava tube environments. Students select components, test solutions and make design decisions to overcome challenges while exploring key robotics and engineering concepts. Robot Responders mission cards – Pages 18-19 in the student workbook, slides 31-32 in the Classroom PPT. The Robot Responders mission cards provide students with authentic robotics challenges inspired by real-world exploration environments. Each card presents a unique mission scenario and a set of constraints that require students to apply engineering design thinking, problem-solving and creativity to develop a suitable robot solution. Students analyse the mission requirements, identify challenges, select appropriate robot features and justify their design decisions before communicating or constructing their proposed solution - a physical prototype using everyday materials. Robot Responders card game – https://www.csiro.au/en/education/Resource-Library/Investigate-and-Innovate-with-CSIRO/Robot-Responders In this interactive card game, students collect robot component cards to build a robot capable of completing a chosen mission. Players must gather essential components, select additional design features and adapt to unexpected ‘Mission Mishap’ cards that introduce engineering challenges. The game encourages strategic thinking, problem-solving and an understanding of how robot components work together to achieve a mission objective. Recommended exploration of resources: Plugged (Internet access) PowerPoint presentation, student workbook and Robot Responders HTML game Students explore robotics concepts through a combination of explicit teaching, workbook activities and an interactive digital game. The HTML game allows students to design and customise robots, test solutions and apply problem-solving skills in realistic cave and lava tube exploration scenarios. Unplugged (No internet required) PowerPoint presentation, student workbook, Robot Responders mission cards and building physical prototype OR Robot Responders card game. Students investigate robotics concepts through teacher-guided activities, design challenges and scenario-based problem solving. Using the mission cards, students design and communicate solutions before creating a physical robot prototype using available classroom materials. In addition to the mission cards and robot prototyping, students can also test their design skills with the Robot Responders card game to strategically collect and combine robot components while overcoming challenges to design a robot that successfully completes a mission. Education resources: Flowchart illustrating a sequence of educational resources and learning pathways for a robotics program. A teacher guide leads to a classroom PowerPoint and student workbook, after which learners choose either a plugged or unplugged pathway. The plugged pathway progresses to a Robot Responders HTML game and digital robot design missions, while the unplugged pathway leads to Robot Responders mission cards for real-world design activities or a Robot Responders card game. All pathways conclude with a final step where students reflect, evaluate, and communicate their design ideas. Classroom PowerPoint (PPT) presentation guide – plugged and unplugged In the PPT, activities correspond with a specific phase of the Australian Academy of Science Education Launch, Inquire, Act (LIA) Framework to guide teachers and students through a Robot Responders investigation. See presenter notes in Classroom PPT for discussion notes and talking points. LIA Slide # Teacher guidance Student guidance Slide 2 Page 1 Teacher reference slide - LIA Framework and icon explanation Student reference sheet – Launch, Inquire, Act (LIA) framework and icon explanation Slide 3 Learning Objectives: Years 5-6 and years 7-8. Slide 4 Choose your own adventure: Plugged or unplugged delivery. Slide 5 Agenda – Overview of PPT content Launch Slide 6 Page 2 Launch phase – Lead the initial discussion of ‘Robots, caves and lava tubes’ by encouraging a whole class discussion, think-pair-share and independent recording of prior knowledge on page 2. Launch phase - Students record initial thoughts/prior knowledge on page 2 of the student workbook. Refer to page 1 to explore ‘Launch phase’ in more detail, if required. Slide 7-8 Slide 7- CSIRO Engineering process – introduce the CSIRO Engineering process to the students. Refer to presenter notes for talking points and discussion. Slide 8- Watch the video about the CSIRO Engineering process. Participate in discussion and watch the CSIRO engineering design process video. Slide 9 Page 3 Explore what the class knows about robots, how they operate in our everyday lives and their function through a whole-class discussion. Record initial thoughts on the board. Guide students to complete the activities in the, ‘What is a robot?’ page in their workbooks. Students are encouraged to write their answers and/or draw pictures. Refer to presenter notes for discussion starters, explanations and answers. Participate in whole-class discussion and complete workbook page 3. Slide 10 -11 Page 4 Slide 10 - Introduce the different components a robot may have. Explore: 1. Base 2. Locomotion 3. Motor 4. Head 5. Arms 6. Internal components 7. Controller Refer to presenter notes for more information and discussion starters. Slide 11 – Explore parts of the CSIRO robots and discuss what Participate in whole class discussion and complete page 4. they have in common. Encourage students to label other components on the board. Refer to presenter notes for more information and discussion starters. Slides 12-15 Page 5 Slide 12- Explore why robots are used to navigate dirty, dangerous and dull environments. Slide 13 - Explain the differences and similarities between caves and lava tubes. Instruct students to list the dangers of caves and lava tubes on page 5. Slide 14 – Watch the video: Data61 CSIRO - Cave Circuit event - Alpha Course Walk-through. Slide 15 - Determine why caves and lava tubes are dangerous and confirm why robots can assist in exploring dangerous environments where humans cannot. Discussion points and explanations can be found in the presenter notes. Students complete page 5 (Table). Slide 16 As class or think-pair-share, go through the discussion questions to identify key features of the robotics investigation including: • Summarising the challenge or problem. • Discussing why a solution is needed. • Who will be impacted by the problem/solution. Answers and key points can be found in the presenter notes. Students complete the questions on page 5. Inquire Slide 17 Page 1 Inquire Phase – Explain the purpose of the inquire phase to design and carry out an Refer to page 1 to explore the ‘Inquire Phase’ in more detail, if required. investigation to answer the focus question. Refer to presenter notes for introduction. Slides 18-22 Pages 6-10 Slide 18- Guide students to complete the investigation – Robot Responders. Start with the introduction of the investigation (Slide 18 and page 6-7) and introduce the aim. Refer to the presenter notes for key points. Slide 19 – Encourage students to predict the outcome of their robot design. Students can write their predictions on page 7 in their workbook. Slides 20– Introduce the task to begin prototyping their robot design. Slide 21 – Continue the discussion re: prototyping by completing page 8-9 in the student workbook. Slide 22 - Students will be required to adhere to a budget of 100 credits and use the cost card to calculate the total cost of their robot. Students can use page 10 to calculate their budget. Students view the introduction, focus question and write a prediction (page 6-7). Students begin prototyping their robot design by answering the questions on page 8, sketching their prototype on page 9 and calculating the budget on page 10. Slide 23 – Plugged and unplugged activities overview Pages 14-15 Detailed Instructions for plugged and Refer to Robot Responders game instructions on pages 14-15 for plugged and unplugged delivery in the student workbook. Teacher to decide whether the activities are conducted in small groups or independently. Plugged: Allow students to navigate to the Robot Responders game webpage Refer to page 14-15 of the student workbook for instructions for plugged and unplugged activities. Students engage in the Robot Responders game via tablet, unplugged activities. Slides 29-35 Unplugged activities. Pages 18-17 Unplugged mission cards: Page 19 Cost cards: Robot responders card game linked here: and transfer their prototype sketch onto the game. Students are exploring real-world caving/lava tube scenarios conducted by CSIRO scientists. Encourage students to take note of any wins or failures. Students can take notes of their learnings to then transfer to their reflection in the next phase of the investigation. Optional: If the students’ robot designs fail, they can re-calculate their budget using the attempt 2-4 budget sheets in the student workbook. Unplugged: Teachers may choose whether all groups receive the same mission card or different mission cards. Using the mission cards (page 16-17 and cost card page 18), students are given ample time to design a physical prototype using everyday materials. Refer to slides 29-35 for resources to assistdelivery of unplugged activity,including slides 33-34 to exploreeveryday material substitutionguides. OR Distribute Robot Responders card game and provide ample time for students to play. Optional: teachers can assess student unplugged prototypes using the answer cards on slides 36-17. Optional: Plugged and unplugged – rubrics available on slides 38-41 computer or internet enabled device. Students can engage in unplugged activities. Additional budget sheets: Pages 11-13. ACT Slide 24 Page 1 Act Phase – Explain the purpose of the act phase as using the findings to communicate, reflect, and apply to the real world. Refer to page 1 to explore the ‘Act Phase’ in more detail, if required. Slide 25 Page 19 Lead the discussion reflecting on the students’ robots in the Robot Responder game (Plugged and unplugged). Answer and reflect as a class. Students can then write their responses on page 19 in their student workbook. Participate in whole-class discussion and complete page 19. Slides 26-28 Pages 20-25 Teacher decides whether the ‘Shark tank’ presentations are conducted in groups or independently (Plugged and unplugged). Slide 26 - Introduce the ‘Shark tank’ presentation to the students. Their goal is to convince the class that their robot is the most successful at navigating caves and/or lava tubes. Refer to presenter notes for more information Optional: Watch ‘The Drip Drop Shark tank;’ video on slide 27 as an example of how to pitch. Slide 28 - Explain how the students can present their campaign and communicate their initiative. Students can use pages 20 -25 to plan their presentations. Allow students ample class time to plan, prepare and present their presentations. Students can also assess one peer shark tank pitch and write their responses on page 23. Students will use pages 20-25 to plan a ‘Shark tank’ pitch and presentation. Slide 42 Page 26 Glossary Take it further Mission Debrief & Design Iteration After completing a mission in the game, students debrief as a group. The teacher starts a structured discussion where students reflect on their build choices, what worked, what ran out of energy or failed, and what they would change. This connects the in-game experience to engineering design iteration - the idea that real engineers refine designs based on test results. Student steps: •On a sticky note, write:oOne component that helped you most in the mission.oOne component you wish you had brought.oOne component that is not in the game but would help in this mission.•Class discussion:oTeacher collects the "most useful" components on the board. Which components appear most often? What does that tell us about the mission?oTeacher collects the "wish I had brought" components on the board. Which components appear most often? What does that tell us about the mission?oTeacher collects the "components that are not in the game" on the board. Which is the most unique? How will it help in the mission? Optional: EXAMPLE – Caves and lava tubes – Lesson overview Teachers can use this example set of resources of work to guide their planning. Timings are subject to each school's individual context. Lesson Focus Learning Activities Plugged Option (HTML Unplugged Option (Mission Cards & Physical Lesson 1 Launch: What are Robot Responders? Introduce real-world robotics and CSIRO-inspired missions in caves, lava tubes, marine environments and space. Explore the Engineering Design Process and mission constraints. N/A N/A Lesson 2 Investigate Robot Components Explore how sensors, movement systems and tools help robots operate in challenging environments. Analyse design trade-offs. N/A N/A Lesson 3 Inquire: Design Solutions Apply the Engineering Design Process to create a robot that meets mission requirements and budget constraints. Students build and test a robot within the game, managing budgets and component selection. Students analyse mission cards to identify environmental challenges and design requirements, investigate robot components, and develop annotated robot designs. They then create a prototype solution, apply budgeting constraints, and justify their design decisions based on the needs of the mission. Lesson 4 Test, Evaluate and Improve Evaluate robot performance against mission criteria. Identify strengths, limitations and opportunities for improvement. Students complete missions, analyse results and modify their robot designs to improve performance. If unsuccessful, students redesign and retest. Students construct a physical prototype using classroom materials and test it against teacher-selected mission challenges. Students refine their designs based on feedback. Lesson 5 Act: Present and Reflect Communicate design solutions and reflect on the role of robotics in solving real-world problems. Students present their final digital robot design, explain component choices and discuss mission outcomes. Students present their physical prototype, explain how it addresses mission requirements and reflect on improvements they would make. As Australia’s national science agency, CSIRO is solving the greatest challenges through innovative science and technology. CSIRO. Creating a better future for everyone. Contact us 1300 363 400 +61 3 9545 2176 csiro.au/contact csiro.au For further information CSIRO Education and Outreach 1300 363 400 education@csiro.au csiro.au/education