Technology
What is it?
Ammonia is synthesised directly from steam and nitrogen in a solid oxide electrolysis cell at elevated temperatures.
Why is it important?
Ammonia can be synthesised directly from water and nitrogen, without requiring a precursory hydrogen production step. This reduces system complexity and could yield energy savings.
Characteristics
- Volumetric hydrogen density: High (10.7kg H2 / m3 at 10 bar and 25°C)
- Gravimetric hydrogen density: High (17.8% by mass)
- Storage conditions: Liquid at ambient temperature, 10-11 bar pressure
Benefits
- Single reactor means reduced system complexity and lower associated capital costs
- Allows integration of waste heat streams, reducing the required energy input
- Makes use of carbon dioxide as a process input
Limitations
- Balancing reactor temperature is a challenge. Ammonia product decomposition occurs at typical solid oxide cell operating temperature
RD&D priorities
- Improve catalyst selectivity
- Develop cell designs and electrolytes capable of operating at thermodynamically favourable conditions
- Understand fundamental reaction mechanisms
Known active organisations
- No active institutions found in study