Technology
What is it?
Hydrogen and nitrogen are reacted via the use of non-thermal plasma, which provides sufficient energy for reaction and conversion to ammonia.
Why is it important?
Non-thermal plasma could facilitate the synthesis of ammonia at temperature and pressure ranges much lower than those required for the traditional Haber-Bosch process.
Furthermore, plasma processes are likely to be suitable for small-scale on-site ammonia production.
Characteristics
- Volumetric hydrogen density: High (10.7kg H2 / m3 at 10 bar and 25°C)
- Gravimetric hydrogen density: High (17.8% by mass)
- Storage conditions: Liquid at ambient temperature, 10-11 bar pressure
- Roundtrip Energy efficiency: Assumed synthesis efficiency ~10 times lower than Haber-Bosch process
Benefits
- Low temperature and pressure ammonia synthesis
- Fast switch-on/off times can accommodate intermittent energy sources
- Decentralised ammonia production possible
Limitations
- Does not allow direct synthesis of ammonia
- High-cost ruthenium catalyst
RD&D priorities
- Develop cheaper catalyst alternatives
- Increase production rate
- Develop improved understanding of fundamental interactions and reaction mechanism
- Increase process efficiency
Known active organisations
- Queensland University of Technology
- The University of Adelaide
- The University of Western Australia